Our systems of ideas (theories, doctrines, ideologies) are not only prone to error, but also protect the errors and illusions inscribed within them. It's part of the organizing logic of any system of ideas to resist information that doesn't suit it or that it can't integrate. Theories resist the aggression of enemy theories or opposing arguments. Although scientific theories are the only ones to accept the possibility of their refutation, they tend to manifest this resistance. As for doctrines, which are theories closed in on themselves and absolutely convinced of their truth, they are invulnerable to any criticism denouncing their errors.
Learning Planet Academy “From best in the world to best for the world” - Giving young people the means to build a peaceful and sustainable future
28 January 2026
